** This article was written by Angela Mason Foster, Beaufort County Extension Master Gardener Volunteer **

Last week while working the Master Gardener Greenline, I received a call from a gentleman in Carteret County who had recently read my column on heat-tolerant annuals. He thanked me for the suggestions and then asked, quite wisely, “What about perennials that can take the heat—and the salt? I garden right on the coast.” That conversation got me thinking: with so many of our readers in Beaufort, Craven, and Carteret Counties living along rivers, sounds, and the Atlantic itself, it’s worth spotlighting tough, salt-tolerant perennials that are not only beautiful but built to thrive in our unique coastal conditions.

If you garden near the water—fresh or brackish—you know the challenges: sandy soils that drain too fast, winds that bend the sturdiest stalks, and sunlight that blazes without mercy. But coastal gardening also has its blessings, from gentle breezes to longer growing seasons. The key to success is choosing resilient plants that don’t just survive but flourish in our Eastern North Carolina climate.

The Coastal Garden Challenge

Sandy soil warms quickly and drains well, but it lacks the organic matter that holds water and nutrients. Add in salt spray, sun, and wind, and you’ve got conditions that test even the most seasoned gardener. But with a bit of planning and the right perennials, you can create a vibrant, low-maintenance landscape that looks good year after year.

Start by amending your soil with compost to improve water retention and fertility. Don’t overdo it—many coastal natives prefer lean soils—but a few shovels of compost go a long way. Mulch with pine straw or shredded bark to keep roots cool and conserve moisture.

Coastal-Ready Perennials That Shine

Here are some heat-tolerant, wind-hardy, and salt-friendly perennials perfect for coastal gardens in Eastern North Carolina:

🌸 Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)

• Vibrant reds and golds, blooming non-stop through the hottest months.
• Loves sandy soil and doesn’t mind salt spray or wind.
• Great for pollinators.

🔵 Salvia (Mexican Sage, Meadow Sage)

• Reliable color from spring through fall.
• Heat- and drought-tolerant, with upright stems that resist flopping.
• A magnet for hummingbirds and butterflies.

☀️ Coreopsis (Tickseed)

• Low-maintenance blooms in cheerful yellows and pinks.
• Thrives in poor soil and can handle coastal winds.

🧡 Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Weed)

• Native perennial with fiery orange flowers.
• Tolerates drought, sandy soil, and salt.
• Essential for monarch butterflies.

🌾 Muhlenbergia capillaris (Pink Muhly Grass)

• Elegant, feathery plumes in fall.
• Tolerates salt, sand, and neglect.
• Excellent structural accent in beds and borders.

💛 Rudbeckia (Black-Eyed Susan)

• Bold, golden blooms with dark centers.
• Easygoing and dependable in tough conditions.
• Attracts pollinators and birds.

🌿 Amsonia (Blue Star)

• Delicate blue blooms in spring; golden foliage in fall.
• Handles heat and wind with grace.
• Deer-resistant and long-lived.

💜 Echinacea (Coneflower)

• Tall, striking, and sturdy—perfect for standing up to sea breezes.
• Loves full sun and doesn’t mind lean soils.
• Great food source for birds in fall.

Tips for Coastal Success

1. Group plants: Cluster perennials in groups of three or five to create impact and help shield each other from wind.
2. Use grasses as wind buffers: Grasses like muhly or switchgrass can protect more delicate blooms.
3. Water deeply: Encourage deep roots by watering less often but more thoroughly.
4. Mulch generously: This helps reduce evaporation and stabilize soil temperature.
5. Avoid over-fertilizing: Too much fertilizer can reduce salt and heat tolerance.

Where Beauty Meets Resilience

The beauty of coastal gardening is its ability to reflect the character of the coast itself—resilient, graceful, and quietly powerful. These perennials don’t just tolerate the extremes of our region; they thrive in them. Whether you’re gardening on the Neuse in New Bern, near the Beaufort waterfront, or along the marshes of Carteret County, these selections will bring color and structure to your landscape without constant babysitting.

Suggested Reading

For those who want to learn more, here are a few books I highly recommend:

• The Living Landscape by Rick Darke and Doug Tallamy
  A beautiful guide to designing plant communities that support both aesthetics and ecology.
• Planting in a Post-Wild World by Thomas Rainer and Claudia West
  A must-read for those seeking resilient and naturalistic garden designs.
• Gardening in the Coastal Southeast by Marie Harrison
  Offers region-specific guidance on soil, salt, and seasonal rhythms.

So, thank you to my Carteret County caller—this one’s for you! And for all my fellow coastal gardeners: here’s to planting with purpose, beauty, and a little salty breeze.

If you have questions about your home garden or landscape, reach out to Gene Fox, Consumer Horticulture Agent with the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Email Gene at gene_fox@ncsu.edu or call (252) 946-0111. Master Gardeners are available on the Greenline Mondays and Wednesdays from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. to assist with your horticultural needs. Don’t forget to check out the Beaufort County Master Gardeners Facebook page for additional resources.