(This article was written by Angela Mason Foster, Extension Master Gardener℠ Volunteer)

When winter grips Eastern North Carolina, many plants retreat into dormancy, leaving gardens bare and colorless. Yet, for those in the know, the quiet charm and unforgettable fragrance of Daphne can transform a winter landscape into a sensory delight. This small, unassuming shrub offers a big impact with its delicate flowers and intoxicating aroma, making it a must-have for gardeners looking to brighten the cold season.

Why Daphne Steals the Show in Winter

Daphne, a genus of shrubs native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, is renowned for its winter blooms and rich fragrance. Among the many varieties, Daphne odora (commonly called winter daphne) and Daphne mezereum are popular choices for their cold-season appeal.

• Daphne odora: This evergreen variety is famous for its clusters of pink or white flowers that bloom from January through March. Its leaves are glossy, and some cultivars feature a gold-edged variegation, adding visual interest year-round.
• Daphne mezereum: A deciduous variety, it offers an early display of pink to purple flowers on bare stems before its leaves appear in spring. Its berries, while toxic, provide a splash of red to the landscape, extending its seasonal interest.

Both varieties emit a sweet, citrusy fragrance that lingers in the crisp winter air, attracting early pollinators and delighting gardeners.

Growing Daphne in Eastern NC

Daphne may have a reputation for being finicky, but with the right conditions and care, it thrives in Eastern North Carolina’s mild winters and well-drained soils. Here are some tips to keep your daphne happy:

1. Location, Location, Location: Daphne prefers partial shade to protect it from the harsh afternoon sun. Morning sunlight and well-ventilated spots are ideal.
2. Soil Matters: This shrub loves slightly acidic, well-drained soil enriched with organic matter. Avoid heavy clay or waterlogged areas, as daphne’s roots are prone to rot.
3. Water Wisely: While it appreciates consistent moisture, overwatering can be detrimental. Keep the soil evenly moist but never soggy.
4. Mulch Magic: Apply a 2- to 3-inch layer of mulch around the base to retain moisture and regulate soil temperature, especially during winter.
5. Pruning Pointers: Daphne requires minimal pruning. Remove dead or damaged branches after flowering to maintain its shape and encourage growth.

Designing Your Winter Garden with Daphne

Daphne’s compact size and versatile form make it an excellent addition to any garden design. Consider these creative uses:

• Entryway Elegance: Plant daphne near doorways or pathways where its fragrance can be fully appreciated by visitors.
• Companion Planting: Pair daphne with hellebores, snowdrops, or evergreen ferns to create a layered, textured winter garden.
• Potted Beauty: Daphne can thrive in containers, provided they have excellent drainage. This is a great option for gardeners with limited space.
• Shrub Borders: Use daphne as a low-maintenance border shrub to define garden beds or pathways.

A Cautionary Note

While daphne is beloved for its beauty and fragrance, it’s essential to handle it with care. All parts of the plant, including its berries, are toxic if ingested. Be mindful when planting in areas frequented by children or pets.

Varieties to Consider

Daphne comes in many shapes and forms, but a few standout varieties for winter gardens include:

• Daphne odora ‘Aureomarginata’: Features fragrant pink flowers and variegated leaves edged in gold.
• Daphne mezereum ‘Rubra’: Offers vibrant purple-pink flowers and bright red berries.
• Daphne burkwoodii ‘Carol Mackie’: A semi-evergreen variety with creamy white and green variegated leaves and soft pink blooms.

Suggested Reading for Daphne Enthusiasts

1. “The Winter Garden” by Val Bourne – An inspiring guide to creating a garden that shines during the cold months, featuring plants like daphne.
2. “Shrubs: Discover the Perfect Plant for Every Place in Your Garden” by Andy McIndoe – A comprehensive look at shrubs, including daphne, with practical tips for care and design.

Conclusion

Daphne is more than just a winter bloomer; it’s a sensory experience that brings life, fragrance, and elegance to the coldest months. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out, adding daphne to your garden ensures year-round beauty with a touch of winter magic. This season, let daphne take center stage and transform your garden into a fragrant haven even Jack Frost would envy.

For additional help with gardening questions, contact Gene Fox, Consumer Horticulture Agent with the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, at gene_fox@ncsu.edu or call (252) 946-0111. Master Gardeners are also available for home horticulture questions every Monday and Wednesday from 10:00 to 12:00 on the Greenline. Be sure to visit the Beaufort County Master Gardeners Facebook page for our “Plant of the Week” feature and “Finding Info Friday” posts.